Advantages and disadvantages and differences of incandescent lamps, fluorescent lamps, energy-saving lamps and LED lamps

Incandescent lamp is also called electric bulb, its working principle is that the current through the filament (tungsten filament, melting point of more than 3000 degrees Celsius) when generating heat, spiral filament continues to gather heat, so that the temperature of the filament up to 2000 degrees Celsius or more, the filament in the incandescent state, like the burning iron can shine and emit light.
The higher the temperature of the filament, the brighter the light emitted, so it is called an incandescent lamp. When an incandescent lamp emits light, a large amount of electrical energy is converted into thermal energy, and only a very small part (perhaps less than 1%, not calculated) can be converted into useful light energy.
The light emitted by incandescent lamps is panchromatic light, but the proportion of each color of light is determined by the luminescent substance (tungsten) and temperature. The imbalance in proportion leads to a color cast of the light, so the color of the object is not realistic enough under incandescent light.
The life of an incandescent lamp is related to the temperature of the filament, because the higher the temperature, the easier it is for the filament to sublimate.
fluorescent lamp
Fluorescent lamps, also called fluorescent lamps, work on their working principle: fluorescent lamps are simply a closed gas discharge tube.
The main gas in the tube is argon gas (including neon neon or krypton), and the pressure is about 0.3% of the atmosphere. It also contains a few drops of mercury – forming trace amounts of mercury vapor. Mercury atoms make up about one thousandth of all gas atoms.
Fluorescent lamps rely on the mercury atoms of the lamp and release ultraviolet light (the main wavelength is 2537 angstroms = 2537×10-10m) by the process of gas discharge. About 60% of the electrical energy consumed can be converted into ultraviolet light. The rest of the energy is converted into heat.
Fluorescent lamps are released by the fluorescent substance on the inner surface of the lamp after absorbing ultraviolet light. Different fluorescent substances emit different visible light. Generally, the efficiency of converting ultraviolet light into visible light is about 40%. Therefore, the efficiency of fluorescent lamps is about 60% × 40% = 24% - about twice that of tungsten filament lamps of the same power
Energy-saving lamps
Energy-saving lamps, also called compact fluorescent lamps (referred to as CFL lamps abroad), have the advantages of high light efficiency (5 times that of ordinary bulbs), obvious energy-saving effects, long life (8 times that of ordinary bulbs), small size, and easy to use. It works basically the same as fluorescent lamps.
In addition to white (cold light), energy-saving lamps now have warm light. Generally speaking, under the same wattage, an energy-saving lamp saves 80% energy than incandescent lamps, the average life is extended by 8 times, and the heat radiation is only 20%.
Under non-strict circumstances, a 5-watt energy-saving lamp can be regarded as an incandescent lamp equal to 25 watts, a 7-watt energy-saving lamp is about equal to 40 watts, and a 9-watt lamp is about equal to 60 watts.　　
LED lights
LED lamp (Light Emitting Diode), also known as light-emitting diode, is a solid-state semiconductor device that can directly convert electricity into light.
The heart of the LED is a semiconductor wafer, one end of the wafer is attached to a bracket, one end is the negative electrode, and the other end is connected to the positive pole of the power supply, so that the entire wafer is encapsulated by epoxy resin.